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  • Management of nonmalignant pleural effusions in adults
    Management strategies for nonmalignant pleural effusions in adults, including causes, diagnosis, and treatment options
  • Management and prognosis of parapneumonic pleural effusion . . . - UpToDate
    A parapneumonic effusion is a pleural effusion that forms in the pleural space adjacent to a pneumonia When microorganisms infect the pleural space, a complicated parapneumonic effusion or empyema may result Prompt therapy of these entities can be lifesaving The treatment and prognosis of parapneumonic effusion and empyema are reviewed here
  • Pleural fluid analysis in adults with a pleural effusion - UpToDate
    An initial approach to pleural effusions of uncertain etiology, pleural imaging, and the technique of thoracentesis are discussed separately (See "Diagnostic evaluation of the hemodynamically stable adult with a pleural effusion" and "Imaging of pleural effusions in adults" and "Ultrasound-guided thoracentesis" )
  • Evaluation and management of pleural effusions following . . . - UpToDate
    However, a small proportion of early effusions are large, symptomatic, and associated with postoperative morbidity; these require attention, typically thoracentesis, and occasionally other investigations Postoperative pleural effusions that occur weeks or months after surgery require clinical evaluation to determine their specific etiology
  • Pleural disease - UpToDate
    Bedside pleural ultrasonography: Equipment, technique, and the identification of pleural effusion and pneumothorax Chemical pleurodesis for the prevention of recurrent pleural effusion Clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of cholesterol pleural effusions Diagnostic evaluation of the hemodynamically stable adult with a pleural effusion
  • Diagnostic evaluation of the hemodynamically stable adult . . . - UpToDate
    Reanalyzing the pleural fluid may involve recalculation of the parameters that distinguish transudative and exudative effusions, particularly in patients with borderline or discrepant results
  • Management of nonmalignant pleural effusions in adults - UpToDate
    Pleural effusions are diagnosed in about 1 5 million individuals in the United States annually [1] Among the causes, pleural infection, heart failure, and malignancy are the most common Nonmalignant pleural effusions (NMPEs) have a wide variety of etiologies (table 1 and table 2 and table 3) and cause significant morbidity and mortality [2,3]
  • Approach to the neonate with pleural effusions - UpToDate
    Comprehensive guide on causes, management, and initial treatment of pleural effusions in neonates, including respiratory support and thoracocentesis
  • Management of malignant pleural effusions - UpToDate
    Management of malignant pleural effusions, including diagnosis, treatment options, and prognosis
  • Clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of . . . - UpToDate
    The etiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of cholesterol pleural effusions will be reviewed here The etiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of chylothorax and general issues regarding the evaluation and management of pleural effusions are discussed separately





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