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Smalltalk    音标拼音: [sm'ɔlt,ɔk]
The pioneering {object-oriented programming} system
developed in 1972 by the Software Concepts Group, led by {Alan
Kay}, at {Xerox PARC} between 1971 and 1983. It includes a
language, a programming environment, and an extensive object
library.

Smalltalk took the concepts of {class} and {message} from
{Simula-67} and made them all-pervasive. Innovations included
the {bitmap display}, windowing system, and use of a {mouse}.

The {syntax} is very simple. The fundamental construction is
to send a message to an {object}:

object message

or with extra parameters

object message: param1 secondArg: param2 .. nthArg: paramN

where "secondArg:" etc. are considered to be part of the
message name.

Five pseudo-variables are defined: "self", "super", "nil",
"true", "false". "self" is the receiver of the current
message. "super" is used to delegate processing of a message
to the {superclass} of the receiver. "nil" is a reference to
"nothing" (an instance of UndefinedObject). All variables
initially contain a reference to nil. "true" and "false" are
{Booleans}.

In Smalltalk, any message can be sent to any object. The
recipient object itself decides (based on the message name,
also called the "message selector") how to respond to the
message. Because of that, the {multiple inheritance} system
included in the early versions of Smalltalk-80 appeared to be
unused in practice. All modern implementations have single
inheritance, so each class can have at most one superclass.

Early implementations were {interpreted} but all modern ones
use {dynamic translation} (JIT).

Early versions were Smalltalk-72, Smalltalk-74, Smalltalk-76
(inheritance taken from Simula, and concurrency), and
Smalltalk-78, {Smalltalk-80}. Other versions include {Little
Smalltalk}, {Smalltalk/V}, {Kamin's interpreters}. Current
versions are {VisualWorks}, {Squeak}, {VisualAge}, {Dolphin
Smalltalk}, {Object Studio}, {GNU Smalltalk}.

See also: {International Smalltalk Association}.

{UIUC Smalltalk archive (http://st-www.cs.uiuc.edu/)}.
{FAQ (http://XCF.Berkeley.EDU/pub/misc/smalltalk/FAQ/)}.

{Usenet} newsgroup: {news:comp.lang.smalltalk}.

["The Smalltalk-76 Programming System Design and
Implementation", D.H. Ingalls, 5th POPL, ACM 1978, pp. 9-16].

(2001-09-11)


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  • What is so special about Smalltalk? - Stack Overflow
    Yes, Smalltalk is so important you should study it Why? You can understand object-oriented programming in pure, simple form What people forget is that the Smalltalk-80 "Blue Book" has only about 90 pages devoted to the language—the language is just that simple The other 300 pages talk about the predefined class hierarchy, which is a masterpiece of design for a class-based, object-oriented
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    Does anybody know what's the newline delimiter for a string in smalltalk? I'm trying to split a string in separate lines, but I cannot figure out what's the newline character in smalltalk ie
  • Understanding Smalltalk Method Invocation with Multiple Colons
    I'm currently learning Smalltalk, and I've encountered a behavior that I find puzzling regarding method invocation with multiple colons I understand that colons play a crucial role in specifying m
  • What are the key differences between OO in Smalltalk and Java?
    This is clearly one of the major difference between Smalltalk and Java from a OO standpoint Other difference include the existence of metaclasses, extension methods, duck typing vs static typing, reification of doesNotUnderstand and few other things that make coding in Smalltalk or Java completely different
  • How to open a smalltalk image in squeak? - Stack Overflow
    A Smalltalk image will execute code without any input from your side once started If program app is a directory, search for an image file in there Once you have located the image file and your Squeak VM executable, run the VM with the image as a command line argument: squeak program image If program app is a directory it could also be a
  • Why use Ruby instead of Smalltalk? - Stack Overflow
    Ruby is becoming popular, largely from the influence Ruby on Rails, but it feels like it is currently struggling through its adolescence There are a lot of similarities between Ruby and Smalltalk --
  • Whats the best free IDE for learning smalltalk? [closed]
    What do you think is a good IDE for learning SmallTalk? I'll only be using it as a hobby, so it has to be free





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