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  • Truncus Arteriosus (TA) - Johns Hopkins Medicine
    What is truncus arteriosus? TA occurs when the two main blood vessels arising from the heart — the aorta and the pulmonary artery — do not separate as they should during fetal development Babies with TA are born with one large vessel, or “trunk,” exiting the heart instead of two separate ones
  • Congenital Heart Defects (CHD) - Johns Hopkins Medicine
    Pulmonary atresia: The pulmonary valve (which is found between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery) does not develop correctly, which prevents blood flow from the right side of the heart into the lungs Truncus arteriosus: Truncus arteriosus results when only one vessel leaves the heart and supplies blood to the lungs and body
  • Vascular Malformations - Johns Hopkins Medicine
    Vascular malformations are rare conditions affecting the vascular system, which include veins, arteries and lymph vessels Vascular malformations develop before birth Instead of normal, smooth networks of vessels, the vessels enlarge or form tangles, pockets or shunting vessels that cause abnormal blood flow
  • Transposition of the Great Arteries (TGA) - Johns Hopkins Medicine
    How does transposition of the great arteries affect blood flow? TGA disrupts the way blood flows through the heart and lungs In a normal heart, the pulmonary artery pumps blood to the lungs, where it gathers oxygen Then the aorta moves that oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the rest of the body However, TGA causes oxygen-poor blood to go to the body instead of the lungs, and oxygen-rich
  • Congenital Lung Malformations - Johns Hopkins Medicine
    Congenital lung malformations are rare disorders that emerge during a fetus’ development in the womb and are present at birth Although usually one area of the lung is affected, the malformations can cause difficulty with breathing, recurrent lung infection and, in very rare instances, lung cancer
  • Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) - Johns Hopkins Medicine
    Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a heart defect found in the days or weeks after birth The ductus arteriosus is a normal part of fetal blood circulation All babies are born with this opening between the aorta and the pulmonary artery But it usually closes on its own shortly after birth If it stays open, it is called patent ductus arteriosus
  • Pulmonary Embolism - Johns Hopkins Medicine
    What is a pulmonary embolism? A pulmonary embolism (PE) is a blood clot that develops in a blood vessel in the body (often in the leg) It then travels to a lung artery where it suddenly blocks blood flow A blood clot that forms in a blood vessel in one area of the body, breaks off, and travels to another area of the body in the blood is called an embolus An embolus can lodge itself in a
  • Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) - Johns Hopkins Medicine
    Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is a combination of four congenital (present at birth) heart defects that affect infants and children The defects occur together and change the way blood flows through the heart and lungs
  • Coarctation of the Aorta (COA) in Children - Johns Hopkins Medicine
    Coarctation of the aorta is a heart defect that is present at birth (congenital) It means the aorta is narrower than it should be
  • Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm - Johns Hopkins Medicine
    What is an abdominal aortic aneurysm? The aorta is the largest blood vessel in the body It delivers oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body An aortic aneurysm is a bulging, weakened area in the wall of the aorta Over time, the blood vessel balloons and is at risk for bursting (rupture) or separating (dissection) This can cause life threatening bleeding and potentially death





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